Human
The human being is the starting point of CTSD: not an isolated individual, but the author of life, choice, and meaning. Here the inner foundation is formed: self-knowledge, source of decision, capacity to act, and responsibility.
Society
Society is the level where human self-determination moves beyond the personal sphere and becomes a culture of relations, trust, recognition, boundaries, and participation. If a person loses subjecthood in relations, social life becomes adaptation or pressure.
Institutions
Institutions should not replace the person; they should create conditions in which subjects can act responsibly. Education, law, economy, culture, and technological systems are self-determination-based when they increase the capability of people and society.
Republic
A self-determination-based republic is a political form in which the capacity of free and responsible subjects becomes a principle of public governance. Law, security, strategy, and development are evaluated by whether they preserve public subjecthood.
Civilization
Civilization is the final horizon in CTSD: the long-term organization of self-determined people, relations, institutions, and public meanings. A civilizational future is stable when technological power, political forms, and cultural meanings serve human subjecthood.